دوفصلنامۀ علمی مطالعات و سیاست‌های اقتصادی

دوفصلنامۀ علمی مطالعات و سیاست‌های اقتصادی

بازتوزیع نهادی تعاونی: رویکردی مبتنی بر اقتصاد اسلامی

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 استادیار دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه جامع امام حسین(ع)، تهران، ایران.
2 دانش آموخته دکتری اقتصاد اسلامی، دانشکده اقتصاد، دانشگاه علامه طباطبائی، تهران، ایران.
چکیده
مسئله نابرابری درآمدی غالباً در قالب دوگانه بازار و دولت صورت‌بندی می‌شود؛ بازار درآمدها را ایجاد می‌کند و دولت، آنها را پس از تحقق نتایج بازار با مالیات و انتقالات بازتوزیع می‌کند. این صورت‌بندی نقش قواعد مالکیت، حقوق کنترل، حکمرانی بنگاه و نهادهای کنش جمعی را در شکل‌دهی توزیع اولیه درآمد کم‌رنگ می‌کند. هدف مقاله، ارائه چهارچوب نظری «بازتوزیع نهادی تعاونی» از طریق پیوند اقتصاد نهادی، نظریه بنگاه تعاونی و منطق توزیعی اقتصاد اسلامی است. روش پژوهش نظری ـ تحلیلی و مبتنی بر تحلیل نهادی مقایسه‌ای، تلفیق سازوکارهای سه جریان ادبیات و استنتاج گزاره‌های قابل آزمون است. یافته اصلی آن است که تعاونی اسلامی در صورت طراحی مناسب، صرفاً ابزار انتقال پسینی منابع نیست؛ بلکه از مسیر گسترش مالکیت اعضا، برابرسازی حقوق کنترل، تقویت قدرت چانه‌زنی، تسهیم مازاد مبتنی بر مشارکت، همیاری و بیمه متقابل، سرمایه‌گذاری وقفی در قابلیت‌ها و کاهش تمرکز بین‌نسلی دارایی‌ها، ساختار ایجاد و توزیع درآمد را تغییر می‌دهد. تحقق این ظرفیت به شفافیت، تفکیک حساب‌های تجاری و امانی، استقلال نظارت شرعی، قواعد خروج و پاسخگویی و پیوند شبکه‌ای تعاونی‌ها وابسته است. نوآوری مقاله، انتقال بحث بازتوزیع از سطح ابزارهای مالی دولت به معماری حقوق تصمیم و ادعاهای باقیمانده در بنگاه و ارائه معماری چهارلایه و گزاره‌های نظری قابل آزمون است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
موضوعات

عنوان مقاله English

Institutional Cooperative Redistribution: An Islamic Economics Perspective

نویسندگان English

Najafali Shahbazi 1
Reza Vafaee Yeganeh 2
1 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
2 Assistant Professor, Faculty of Economics, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran.
چکیده English

Income inequality is commonly framed through a market-state dichotomy: markets generate income and governments redistribute it ex post through taxes and transfers. This framing understates how ownership rules, control rights, firm governance, and collective-action institutions shape the primary distribution of income. This article develops an “institutional cooperative redistribution” framework by integrating institutional economics, the theory of cooperative enterprise, and the distributive logic of Islamic economics. The study is theoretical and analytical and employs comparative institutional analysis, mechanism-based synthesis of three bodies of literature, and deduction of testable propositions. The central finding is that a well-designed Islamic cooperative is not merely a vehicle for ex-post transfers. It can alter income formation and distribution through broader member ownership, more equal control rights, stronger bargaining power, participation-based surplus allocation, mutual insurance and solidarity, capability-enhancing waqf investment, and lower intergenerational concentration of assets. These effects are conditional on transparency, separation of commercial and fiduciary accounts, independent Shariah oversight, credible exit and accountability rules, and federated cooperative networks. The article’s contribution is to relocate redistribution from the narrow domain of fiscal instruments to the institutional architecture of decision rights and residual claims within the firm, and to formulate a four-layer architecture with empirically testable propositions.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

institutional economics
income redistribution
cooperatives
Islamic economics
control rights
distributive justice

فهرست منابع

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