نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار اقتصاد دانشگاه مفید

2 استادیار پژوهشگاه علوم انسانی و مطالعات فرهنگی

چکیده

در این مقاله با بکارگیری نظریه لیندر، اثر جهانی شدن بر همپیوندی های تجاری منطقه ای کشورهای اسلامی خاورمیانه و آفریقای شمالی اندازه گیری می شود. نظریه لیندر برخلاف نظریه های تجاری کلاسیکی (از قبیل هکشر- اوهلین) بر جانب تقاضا استوار است و عامل اصلی شکل گیری و گسترش تجارت را همسانی تقاضا می داند در نتیجه همگرایی و واگرایی مسیر درآمد سرانه، اصلی ترین نقش را در افزایش یا کاهش تجارت ایفا می نماید.یافته های این مقاله گویای این است که رفتار تجاری کشورهای عضو جامعه آماری هم با کشورهای عضو سازمان کنفرانس اسلامی و هم با سایر کشورها در مقاطع پیش و پس از جهانی شدن با نظریه لیندر سازگاری دارد.از آنجا که بر اساس مطالعات اسلاوتر، الهی و نهاوندیان، جهانی شدن مسیر درآمد سرانه منطقه را همگرا و مسیر درآمد سرانه جهانی را واگرا می سازد، می توان انتظار داشت که در فرایند جهانی شدن زمینه منطقه گرایی در جامعه آماری تحکیم می گردد

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Clobalization and Regional Integration in the Middle East and North Africa (MENA)

نویسندگان [English]

  • Nasser Elahi 1
  • Mohammad Nahavandian 2

1 Assistant Professor of Mofid University Economics

2 Assistant Professor, Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies

چکیده [English]

This papa uses Linder theory, to measure the effect of globalization on regional trade integration of the Islamic countries in the Middle East and North Africa In contrast with the classical  trade theories (such as the Ilcckschcr- Ohlin Theory), the Linder theory focuses on the demand side and explains the trade patterns on the basis of the similarities in the demand structures. Hence, the convergence and divergence in per capita income trends play a role in increasing or decreasing trade. The findings of this paper suggest that Linda theory can explaine the trade behavior of countries under study with members of OIC nations and rest of the world during periods betbre and after globalization. According to studies by Slaughter. Elahi and Nahavanchan globalization leads to convergence in hemisphere per capita income trends and to divergence in global per capita income trends. Thus one can expect that regionalization is more likely to gain ground among the concerned countries are greater under globalization.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • globalization
  • convergence
  • divergence
  • per capita income
  • Linder theory
  • new-regionalism
  • common Islamic market
  • MENA
منابع
1-      الهی، ناصر و محمد نهاوندیان،‌« تاثیر جهانی شدن برهمگرایی درآمد سرانه کشورهای اسلامی منطقهMENA »،‌نامه مفید شماره45،‌آذر و دی،‌1383،‌صص:81-111.
 
2_ Balassa, B. and Bauwens, L. (1988) The determinants of intra-European trade in manufactured goods, European Economic Review, 32(7), pp. 1421–1438
3_ Baldwin, Robert (1971) “Determinants of the Commodity Structure of U.S. Trade,” American Economic Review 61
4_ Baltagi, Badi H. (2001). Econometric Analysis of Panel Data, Second Edition, West Sussex, England: John Wiley & Sons
5_ Bergstrand, J. H. (1989), “The Generalized Gravity Equation, Monopolistic Competition, and the Factor Proportions Theory in International Trade,” Review of Economics and Statistics, February, 143-53.
6_ Bergstrand, J. H. (1990) The Heckscher–Ohlin–Samuelson Model, the Linder Hypothesis and the Determinants of Bilateral Intra-Industry Trade, The Economic Journal, 100, pp. 1216–1229.
7_ Bharawaj, R. (1962), "Factor Proportions and the Structure of India-U.S. Trade" Indian Economic Journal, October pp.57-84
8_ Casas, François and E. Kwan Choi (1984), "Trade Imbalance and the Leontief Paradox," Manchester School Vol. 52, pp. 391-401
9_ Casas, François and E. Kwan Choi (1985),"The Leontief Paradox: Continued or Resolved?" Journal of Political Economy Vol. 93, No. 3 Jun, 610-615.
10_ Deardorff, Alan V. (1998), “Does Growth Encourage Factor Price Equalization?”, The University of Michigan, Research Seminar In International Economics, Discussion Paper No. 431, available at: http://www.spp.umich.edu/rsie/workingpapers/wp.html
11_ Fillat-Castejón, Carmen and José Ma Serrano-Sanz (2004), "Linder Revisited: Trade and Development in the Spanish Economy" International Review of Applied Economics, July Vol. 18, No. 3, 323–348
12_ Fortune, J. N. (1972) Income distribution as a determinant of imports of manufactured consumer commodities, Canadian Journal of Economics, 5, pp. 257–267.
13_ Fortune, J. N. (1979) Income distribution and Linder’s thesis, Southern Economic Journal, 46, pp. 158–167.
14_ Gray, H. P. (1988) ‘Intra-Industry Trade: An “Untidy” Phenomenon’, Weltwirtschaftliches Archiv, 124, 211-29
15_ Greene, William (2003). Econometric Analysis, Fifth Edition. Prentice Hall
16_ Greytak, D. and McHugh, R. (1977), “Linder’s Trade Thesis: An Empirical Examination,” Southern Economic Journal, January, 1386-89.
17_ Greytak, D. and Tuchinda, U. (1990), “The Composition of Consumption and Trade Intensities: An Alternative Test of the Linder Hypothesis,” Weltwirtschaftliches-Archiv 126, 50 - 57.
18_ Hallak,J. C. (2003), "The Effect of Cross-Country Differences in Product Quality on the Direction of International Trade", February, University of Michigan
19_ Hanink, D. M. (1988), “An Extended Linder Model of International Trade,” Economic Geography, October, 322-34.
20_ Hanink, D. M. (1990), “Linder, Again,” Weltwirtschaftliches-Archiv 126, pp: 257-67
21_ Hettne, B, A. Andrasinotal and O. Sunkel (2000), "The New Regionalism and the Future of Security and Development" volume 4, Great Britain: Macmillan Press
22_ Hirsch, Z. and Lev, B. (1973), “Trade and Per Capita Income Differentials: A Test of the Burenstam- Linder Hypothesis,” World Development, September, 11-17.
23_ Hoftyzer, J. (1975), “Empirical Verification of Linder’s Trade Thesis: Comment,” Southern Economic Journal, April, 694-98.
24_ Hoftyzer, J. (1984), “A Further Analysis of the Linder Trade Thesis,” Quarterly Review of Economics and Business, Summer, 57-70.
25_ Houthaker, H.S. (1957), "Can Speculators forecast prices?", Review of Economicsand Statistics, 39, 73-87
26_ Hufbauer, G. C. (1970) The impact of national characteristics and technology on the commodity composition of trade in manufactured goods, in R. Vernon (Ed.) The Technology Factor in International Trade, New York: National Bureau of Economic Research
27_ Hummels, D. & Levinsohn, J. (1995) Monopolistic competition and international trade: reconsidering the evidence, Quarterly Journal of Economics, 110(3), pp. 799–836.
28_ Hummels, D. and P. Klenow (2002), “The Variety and Quality of a Nation’s Exports,” available at: www.klenow.com/Hummels&Klenow.pdf
29_ Hunter, L. C. & Markusen, J. R. (1988) Per capita income as a determinant of trade, in R.C. Feenstra (Ed.) Empirical Methods for International Trade, Cambridge, MA:MIT Press, pp. 89–109.
30_ Jones, R., and P. Kenen (eds.) (1984), "Handbook of International Economics", Vol. 1, North-Holland
31_ Keesing, D. B. (1968) Population and industrial development: some evidence from trade patterns, American Economic Review, 58, pp. 448–455
32_ Kennedy, T. E. and McHugh, R. (1983), “Taste Similarity and Trade Intensity: A Test of the Linder Hypothesis for U.S. Exports,” Weltwirtschaftliches-Archiv 119, 84-96.
33_ Kohlhagen, S. W. (1977), “Income Distribution and ‘Representative Demand’ in International Trade Flows—An Empirical Test of Linder’s Hypothesis,” Southern Economic Journal, July, 167-72.
34_ Leamer, E. E. & Levinsohn, J. (1995) International trade theory: the evidence, in G. Grossman & K. Rogoff (Ed.) Handbook of International Economics, Vol. III, Amsterdam: North-Holland
35_ Leontief, W. W., “Domestic Production and Foreign Trade: The American Capital Position Re- Examined,” in J. Bhagwati, ed., International Trade: Selected Readings, Middlesex, England: Penguin Books, 1953.
36_ Linder, S. B. (1961) An Essay on Trade and Transformation New York: Wiley & Sons,
37_ Markusen, J. R. (1986) Explaining the volume of trade: an eclectic approach, American Economic Review, 76(5), pp. 1002–1011.
38_ Matsuyama, Kiminiori (1995), “Economic Development as Coordination Problems,” 1123, Northwestern University, Center for Mathematical Studies in Economics and Management Science
39_ Matsuyama, Kiminori (1996), “Why Are There Rich and Poor Countries?: Symmetry-Breaking In The World Economy” , NBER Working Paper 5697
40_ McPherson, M., M. Redfearn, and M. Tieslau (2001), “International Trade and Developing Countries: An Empirical Investigation of the Linder Hypothesis,” Applied Economics, 33, 649-657.
41_ Nerlove, M. (2002), "Essays in Panel Data Econometrics." New York, NY: Cambridge University Press,
42_ Perkins, D. H. & Syrquin, M. (1989) Large countries: the influence of size, in H. Chenery & T. N.Srinivasan (Eds) Handbook of Development Economics, Vol. 2, (Amsterdam: Elsevier Science Publishing) pp. 1691–1753.
43_ Qureshi, U. A., French, G. L. and Sailors, J. W. (1980), “Linder’s Trade Thesis: A Further Examination,” Southern Economic Journal, January, 933-36.
44_ Sailors, J. W., Qureshi, U. A. and Cross, E. M. (1973), “Empirical Verification of Linder’s Trade Thesis,” Southern Economic Journal, October, pp.262-68.
45_ Schott, P. (2004), “Across-Product versus Within-Product Specialization in International Trade,” The Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol. 119 pp. 646-677
46_ Slaughter, Matthew J. (2001), “Trade Liberalization and Per Capita Income Convergence: A Difference-In-Differences Analysis”, Journal of International Economics, Volume 55, Issue 1, October, 203-228
47_ Stolper, Wolfgang F. and Karl Roskamp (1961), "Input-Output Table for East ermany, with Applications to Foreign Trade" Bulletin of the Oxford Institute of Statistics, November Vol. 23, pp. 379-392.
48_ Tatemoto, M. and Ichimura, S. (1959) "Factor proportions and foreign trade: the case of Japan", Review of Economics and Statistics 41, 442–46
49_ Thursby, J. G. and Thursby, M. C. (1987), “Bilateral Trade Flows, the Linder Hypothesis, and Exchange Risk,” Review of Economics and Statistics, August, 488-95.
50_ Trefler, Daniel (1993),"International Factor Price Differences: Leontief Was Right!," Journal of Political Economy, Vol. 101 pp. 961-87.
51_ Vahlne, J.-E. & Wiedersheim-Paul, F. (1977) Psychic distance—an inhibiting factor in international trade, Vol. 2, Working Paper, Department of Business Administration, University of Uppsala.
52_ Verbeek, Marho (2004), "A Guide to Modern Econometrics" , Washington: Wiley
53_ Wahl, D. F. (1961) , "Capital and Labor Requirements for Canada's Foreign Trade," Canadian Journal of Economics and Political Science, August
 
CAPTCHA Image