نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
عنوان مقاله English
نویسندگان English
This paper studied the short-run restrictions by a simple aggregate demand–aggregate supply model to identify structural shocks. Combined with the Blanchard-Quah restriction, it allowed estimation of the slope of the aggregate supply curve, the variances of structural demand and supply shocks and the extent to which structural demand and supply shocks are correlated, are estimated. Quarterly data for the period 1368:1-1385:3 were utilized in this study. This paper found that the demand and supply shocks were weakly correlated. On the other hand, the point estimate of the output-inflation tradeoff parameter, which is the slope of the short-run aggregate supply curve in the model, implies that the immediate effect on output of a structural supply shock is larger than that of an equal-sized structural demand shock. The variance decompositions also indicated that with causality from demand to supply, 25% of the short-run variation in output and nearly 9% of the long-run variation in output was the result of the structural supply shock.
کلیدواژهها English
ارقام: میلیارد ریال (قبل از تعدیل فصلی)
|
سال |
فصل |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت ثابت (1376) |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت جاری |
شاخص ضمنی تولید ناخالص داخلی |
|
1367 |
1 |
42997 |
4447 |
10.34 |
|
|
2 |
52627 |
6472 |
12.30 |
|
|
3 |
48471 |
5312 |
10.96 |
|
|
4 |
41194 |
4468 |
10.85 |
|
1368 |
1 |
44001 |
5378 |
12.22 |
|
|
2 |
57809 |
7975 |
13.80 |
|
|
3 |
50036 |
6624 |
13.24 |
|
|
4 |
44890 |
5788 |
12.89 |
|
1369 |
1 |
50780 |
7301 |
14.38 |
|
|
2 |
65064 |
10428 |
16.03 |
|
|
3 |
56939 |
9191 |
16.14 |
|
|
4 |
50881 |
8394 |
16.50 |
|
1370 |
1 |
54237 |
10297 |
18.99 |
|
|
2 |
72955 |
14986 |
20.54 |
|
|
3 |
67380 |
13223 |
19.62 |
|
|
4 |
57262 |
11265 |
19.67 |
|
1371 |
1 |
66558 |
14000 |
21.03 |
|
|
2 |
78602 |
19968 |
25.40 |
|
|
3 |
65025 |
17162 |
26.39 |
|
|
4 |
52355 |
15325 |
29.27 |
|
1372 |
1 |
63202 |
22533 |
35.65 |
|
|
2 |
78737 |
29987 |
38.09 |
|
|
3 |
64608 |
25114 |
38.87 |
|
|
4 |
51854 |
22414 |
43.23 |
|
1373 |
1 |
56823 |
27036 |
47.58 |
|
|
2 |
79634 |
39284 |
49.33 |
|
|
3 |
65672 |
33657 |
51.25 |
|
|
4 |
55368 |
30588 |
55.24 |
|
سال |
فصل |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت ثابت (1376) |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت جاری |
شاخص ضمنی تولید ناخالص داخلی |
|
1374 |
1 |
55495 |
36493 |
65.76 |
|
|
2 |
78442 |
55958 |
71.34 |
|
|
3 |
69044 |
48629 |
70.43 |
|
|
4 |
61346 |
44848 |
73.11 |
|
1375 |
1 |
61983 |
50564 |
81.58 |
|
|
2 |
83836 |
73202 |
87.32 |
|
|
3 |
72075 |
64716 |
89.79 |
|
|
4 |
65202 |
59866 |
91.82 |
|
1376 |
1 |
63930 |
63186 |
98.84 |
|
|
2 |
85340 |
85719 |
100.44 |
|
|
3 |
75510 |
75541 |
100.04 |
|
|
4 |
67897 |
68232 |
100.49 |
|
1377 |
1 |
65954 |
68840 |
104.38 |
|
|
2 |
89034 |
97090 |
109.05 |
|
|
3 |
77138 |
84883 |
110.04 |
|
|
4 |
68574 |
78322 |
114.22 |
|
1378 |
1 |
70518 |
89494 |
126.91 |
|
|
2 |
87313 |
124575 |
142.68 |
|
|
3 |
80115 |
116666 |
145.62 |
|
|
4 |
68569 |
105890 |
154.43 |
|
1379 |
1 |
71619 |
123232 |
172.07 |
|
|
2 |
93421 |
167350 |
179.14 |
|
|
3 |
83385 |
151083 |
181.19 |
|
|
4 |
73854 |
138808 |
187.95 |
|
1380 |
1 |
72937 |
146367 |
200.68 |
|
|
2 |
97450 |
194211 |
199.29 |
|
|
3 |
86698 |
173457 |
200.07 |
|
|
4 |
77020 |
157701 |
204.75 |
|
سال |
فصل |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت ثابت (1376) |
تولید ناخالص داخلی به قیمت جاری |
شاخص ضمنی تولید ناخالص داخلی |
|
1381 |
1 |
81938 |
198045 |
241.70 |
|
|
2 |
105551 |
258751 |
245.14 |
|
|
3 |
88701 |
230101 |
259.41 |
|
|
4 |
83025 |
239579 |
288.56 |
|
1382 |
1 |
88893 |
249220 |
280.36 |
|
|
2 |
110182 |
313030 |
284.10 |
|
|
3 |
96656 |
278051 |
287.67 |
|
|
4 |
89041 |
269233 |
302.37 |
|
1383 |
1 |
93459 |
311492 |
333.29 |
|
|
2 |
116302 |
390774 |
336.00 |
|
|
3 |
103024 |
359604 |
349.05 |
|
|
4 |
91550 |
344161 |
375.93 |
|
1384 |
1 |
98285 |
391656 |
398.49 |
|
|
2 |
122113 |
478480 |
391.83 |
|
|
3 |
106603 |
428013 |
401.50 |
|
|
4 |
94979 |
403066 |
424.37 |
|
1385 |
1 |
104217 |
469997 |
450.98 |
|
|
2 |
125709 |
545873 |
434.24 |
|
|
3 |
111869 |
489787 |
437.82 |
Using the Aggregate Demand-Aggregate Supply Model to Identify Structural Demand-Side and Supply-Side Shocks: Results Using a Bivariate VAR
|
تخمین مدل VAR دو متغیره با وقفه بهینه سه Vector Autoregression Estimates Sample: 1370Q1 1385Q3 Included observations: 63 Standard errors in ( ) & t-statistics in [ ] |
||
|
|
DLY |
DLP |
|
DLY(-1) |
-0.42512 |
-0.171841 |
|
|
-0.115 |
-0.1288 |
|
|
[-3.69664] |
[-1.33415] |
|
DLY(-2) |
-0.45891 |
-0.205698 |
|
|
-0.12056 |
-0.13503 |
|
|
[-3.80642] |
[-1.52336] |
|
DLY(-3) |
-0.60938 |
0.126242 |
|
|
-0.11921 |
-0.13352 |
|
|
[-5.11176] |
[ 0.94551] |
|
DLP(-1) |
-0.04302 |
0.177415 |
|
|
-0.12289 |
-0.13764 |
|
|
[-0.35010] |
[ 1.28897] |
|
DLP(-2) |
-0.34174 |
-0.071759 |
|
|
-0.12303 |
-0.1378 |
|
|
[-2.77756] |
[-0.52075] |
|
DLP(-3) |
0.020608 |
0.190774 |
|
|
-0.12031 |
-0.13475 |
|
|
[ 0.17130] |
[ 1.41581] |
|
C |
-0.02458 |
0.05853 |
|
|
-0.03619 |
-0.04053 |
|
|
[-0.67913] |
[ 1.44405] |
|
S1 |
0.124326 |
-0.065171 |
|
|
-0.04672 |
-0.05233 |
|
|
[ 2.66101] |
[-1.24543] |
|
S2 |
0.181246 |
-0.030671 |
|
|
-0.05526 |
-0.06189 |
|
|
[ 3.28011] |
[-0.49559] |
|
S3 |
-0.02539 |
0.018017 |
|
|
-0.04808 |
-0.05385 |
|
|
[-0.52803] |
[ 0.33457] |
|
R-squared |
0.956231 |
0.425689 |
|
Adj. R-squared |
0.948799 |
0.328165 |
|
Sum sq. resids |
0.078998 |
0.099095 |
|
S.E. equation |
0.038607 |
0.04324 |
|
F-statistic |
128.6571 |
4.364952 |
|
Log likelihood |
121.073 |
113.9335 |
|
Akaike AIC |
-3.52613 |
-3.299475 |
|
SchwarzSC |
-3.18595 |
-2.96E+00 |
|
Mean dependent |
0.012505 |
5.20E-02 |
|
S.D. dependent |
0.170621 |
0.052754 |
|
Determinant resid covariance (dof adj.) |
|
2.65E-06 |
|
Determinant resid covariance |
|
1.87E-06 |
|
Log likelihood |
|
236.6052 |
|
Akaike information criterion |
|
-6.876354 |
|
Schwarz criterion |
|
-6.195994 |