نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 استاد گروه اقتصاد دانشگاه الزهرا
2 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد علوم اقتصادی، دانشگاه بوعلی سینا همدان
چکیده
شاخص پیچیدگی اقتصادی بیانگر میزان و تنوع سبد صادراتی یک کشور است. بررسی ها نشان داده است کشورهایی که علاوه بر داشتن تنوع محصولات، دارای محصولات پیچیده تولیدی نیز میباشند، معمولاً از لحاظ اقتصادی پیشرفته تر هستند و انتظار میرود رشد اقتصادی سریعتری داشته باشند. همچنین تأثیر مؤلفه های اقتصاد دانش بر پیچیدگی اقتصادی در قالب شبکه های بزرگ و پیچیده، این توانایی را به آنها خواهد داد تا مجموعه ای از کالاهای دانش بر را تولید نمایند. از اینرو، مطالعه حاضر به بررسی تأثیر مؤلفه های اقتصاد دانش بر پیچیدگی اقتصادی کشور ایران با استفاده از روش خود رگرسیونی برداری(VAR) طی دوره 1395-1354 پرداخته است. نتایج نشان میدهد مؤلفه های اقتصاد دانش از جمله متغیرهای بازبودن تجارت، فناوری اطلاعات وارتباطات و ابداع و اختراع، اثرات مثبت و معنی دار بر پیچیدگی اقتصادی ایران دارند. از اینرو توصیه میشود در جهت ارتباط هرچه بیشتر دانشگاه ها و صنعت و ارائه آموزشهای عملی و کاربردی در راستای آماده سازی دانشجویان برای ورود به صنعت و تولید کشور اقدامات جدی صورت پذیرد.
کلیدواژهها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Knowledge Economy Components on Iran's Economic Complexity
نویسندگان [English]
- Abolfazl Shahabadi 1
- Maryam Hosseini 2
1 Professor, Department of Economics, Al-Zahra University
2 MA student, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University, Hamedan, Iran
چکیده [English]
The economic complexity index indicates the extent and variety of the export basket of a country. Studies have shown that countries that, in addition to diversifying products, have sophisticated manufacturing products, are usually more economically advanced and are expected to have faster economic growth. Also, the impact of the components of the knowledge economy on the economic complexity in the form of large and complex networks will enable them to produce a set of knowledgeable goods. Therefore, the present study examines the effect of knowledge economy components on the economic complexity of Iran using Vector Auto Regressive (VAR) during the period of 1975-2016. The results show that components of knowledge economy such as trade openness, information and communication technology and innovation and invention have positive and significant effects on the economic complexity of Iran. Therefore, it is recommended to take serious measures in order to connect the universities and industry and provide practical training to prepare students for entering the industry and the country products.
کلیدواژهها [English]
- Economic Complexity
- Education
- Trade Openness
- ICT
- Innovation
الف- فارسی
- 1. پژم، سیدمهدی؛ سلیمیفر، مصطفی (1394)، «بررسی تأثیر شاخص پیچیدگی اقتصادی بر رشد اقتصادی در 42 کشور برتر در علم»، مجله اقتصاد و توسعه، دورۀ دوم، شمارۀ10، صص38-16.
- 2. شاهآبادی، ابوالفضل؛ بهاری، زهره (1392)، «تأثیر ثبات سیاسی و آزادی اقتصادی بر رشد اقتصادی کشورهای منتخب توسعهیافته و درحالتوسعه»، فصلنامه پژوهشهای رشد و توسعه، سالچهارم، دورۀ چهارم، شمارۀ16، صص72-53.
- 3. گرجی، ابراهیم؛ علیپوریان، معصومه (1391)، اقتصاد دانایی محور، چاپ اول، تهران: انتشارات باور عدالت.
- 4. Abdon, Arnelyn., and Felipe Jesus (2011). "The product space. What does it say about the opportunities for growth and structural transformation of sub-Saharan Africa?", Economics Working Paper Archive Levy Economics Institute, No. 670; pp. 1-34; Retrieved from: https://ideas.repec.org/p/lev/wrkpap/wp_670.html.
- 5. Aisen, Ari. and Veiga, Francisco Jose (2011). "How does political instability affect economic growth?", IMF Working Paper, No.11/12, pp.1-28.
- 6. Balland, Pierre. Alexandre. and Rigby, David (2017). "The geography and evolution of complex knowledge", Economic geography, Vol. 93, No. 1, pp.1-23.
- 7. Boschma, Ron., and Iammarino, Simona (2009). "Related variety, trade linkages, and regional growth in Italy", Economic Geography, Vol. 85, No. 3, pp.289–311.
- 8. Brynjolfsson, Erik., and McAfee, Andrew (2012). Race against the machine: How the digital revolution is accelerating innovation, driving productivity, and irreversibly transforming employment and the economy, Lexington, MA: Digital Frontier Press.
- 9. Carlson, Fredrik. and Lundstrom, Susanna (2002). "Economic freedom and growth: decomposing the effects", Department of Economics, Goteborg University, Working Paper in Economics, Vol.112, No. 3-4, pp.335-344.
- 10. Caria, Sara.,Trpyano, Miguel. Carrera. and Martin, Rafael. Domínguez (2017). "Can the monkeys leave the export processing zones? Exploring the Maquiladora bias in the economic complexity index in Latin America", Journal of economics and development studies. Vol.5, No.1, pp.20-28.
- 11. Collier, Paul (2007). The bottom billion: Why the poorest countries are failing and what can be done about it, NewYork: Oxford University Press.
- 12. Dong, Nguyen (2016). "Trade liberalization and export sophistication in Vietnam", The Journal of International Trade & Economic Development, Vol.25, No.8, pp.1071-1089.
- 13. Engerman, Stanley. and Sokoloff, Kenneth (1997). "Factor endowments, institutions, and differential paths of growth among new world economies", In Stephen, Haber (Ed.), How Latin America fell behind: Essays on the economic histories of Brazil and Mexico, 1800–1914, California: Stanford University Press, pp.260–304.
- 14. Erkan, Birol. and Yildirimci, Elif (2015). Economic complexity and export competitiveness: The case of Turkey", Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol.195, No.1, pp.524 – 533.
- 15. Frenken, Koen., Oort, Frank. Van., and Verburg, Thijs (2007). "Related variety, unrelated variety and regional economic growth", Regional Studies, Vol.41, No.5, pp.685–697.
- 16. Hartmann, Dominik.; Guevara, Miguel.; Figueroa, Cristian.; Aristaran, Manuel and Hidalgo, Cesar (2017). "Linking economic complexity, institutions, and income inequality", World development, Vol.93, No.3, pp.75-93.
- 17. Hartmann, Dominik (2014). Economic complexity and human development: How economic diversification and social networks affect human agency and welfare, New York: Routledge.
- 18. Hausmann, Ricardo., Hidalgo, César., Bustos, Sebastin., Coscia, Michele., Simoes, Alexander., and Yildirim, Muhammed. A. (2014). The atlas of economic complexity: Mapping paths to prosperity, Cambridge: MIT Press.
- 19. Hausmann, Ricardo., Hwang, Jason., and Rodrik, Dani (2006). "What you export matters", Journal of Economic Growth, Vol.12, No.1, pp.1–25.
- 20. Hausmann, Ricardo., and Rodrik, Dani (2003). "Economic development as selfdiscovery", Journal of Development Economics, Vol.2, No.2, pp.603–633.
- 21. Hidalgo, Cesar (2015). Why information grows: The evolution of order, from atoms to economies, NewYork: Penguin Press.
- 22. Hidalgo, Cesar., and Hausmann, Ricardo (2009). "The building blocks of economic complexity", Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol.106, No.26, pp.10570–10575.
- 23. Hidalgo, César.; Klinger, Bailey.; Barabasi, Albert., and Hausmann, Ricardo (2007). "The product space conditions the development of nations", Science, Vol.317, No. 5837, pp.482–487.
- 24. Hirschman, Albert (1945). National power and the structure of foreign trade, Berkeley & LosAngeles: University of California Press.
- 25. Hirschman, Albert (1958). The strategy of economic development (Vol. 10) New Haven: Yale University Press.
- 26. Imbs, Jean., and Wacziarg, Romain (2003). "Stages of diversification", The American Economic Review, Vol.93, No.1, pp.63–86.
- 27. Hausmann, Ricardo.; Hidalgo, César.; Bustos, Sebastián.; Coscia, Michele.; Chung, Sarah.; Jimenez, Juan.; Simoes, Alexander. and Yıldırım, Muhammed (2008). The Atlas of Economic Complexity, Mapping paths to prosperity, Cambridge, MIT Media Lab.
- 28. Hausmann, Ricardo. and Hidalgo, Cesar (2011). "The network structure of economic output", Journal of Economic Growth, Vol.16. No.4, pp.309-342.
- 29. Ivanova, Inga.; Strand, Qivind.; Kushnir, Doncan. and Leydesdorff, Loet (2017). Economic and technological complexity: A model study of indicators of knowledge-based innovation systems", Technological Forecasting & Social Change, Vol.120, No. C, pp.77-89.
- 30. Kaufmann. Daniel., Kraay, Aart. and Mastruzzi, Massimo (2005). "Governance matters IV:governance indicators for 1996-2004", World Bank Policy Research Working Paper, Washington, D.C., No.3630. pp.1-133.
- 31. Navroop, K Sahdev (2016). "Do knowledge externalities lead to growth in economic complexity? Empirical evidence from Colombia", Palgrave communications, Vol.2, No.1, pp.1-15.
- 32. Reynolds, Christian.; Agrawal, Manju.; Lee Ivan.; Zhan Chen.; Li Jiuyong.; Taylor Phillip.; Mares, Tim.; Morison, Julian.; Angelakis, Nicholas. and Roos, Göran (2017) A sub-national economic complexity analysis of Australia’s states and territories. Regional Studies, Vol. 52, No. 5, pp. 715-726.
- 33. Rosenstein-Rodan (1943). "Problems of industrialization of eastern and south-astern Europe", The Economic Journal, Vol.53, No. 210/211, pp.202–211.
- 34. Saviotti, Pier. and Frenken, Koen (2008). "Export variety and the economic performance of countries", Journal of Evolutionary Economics, Vol.18, No.2, pp.201–218.
- 35. Shahabadi, Abolfazl.; Nemati, Morteza. and Hosseinidust, Seyed. Ehsan (2017). "The effect of knowledge economy factors on income inequality in the selected Islamic countries", Journal of the Knowledge Economy, Vol.8, No.4, pp.1174-1188.
- 36. Singer, Hans (1950). "The distribution of gains between investing and borrowing countries", The American Economic Review, Vol.40, No.2, pp.473–485.
- 37. Teece, David.; Rumelt, Richard.; Dosi, Giovanni. and Winter, Sidney (1994). "Understanding corporate coherence: Theory and evidence", Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, Vol.23, No.1, pp.1–30.
- 38. World bank (2012). "Measuring knowledge in the world’s economies". World bank institute, Available at: http://web.worldbank.org/archive/website01030/web/ images/kam_v4.pdf
- 39. Xu, Mingzhi. and Lybbert, Travis (2017). Innovation-adjusted economic complexity and Growth: Does product-specific patenting reveal enhanced economic capabilities? Agricultural and Resource Economics, California: University of California, Davis
ارسال نظر در مورد این مقاله