نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشیار دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی دانشگاه بوعلی سینا
2 دانشکده اقتصاد و علوم اجتماعی همدان
چکیده
تحقیق و توسعه به عنوان یکی از نهاد‌های نوآوری می‌تواند بهره‌وری بنگاه‌ها را به واسطه بهبود کیفیت محصول یا کاهش هزینه‌های متوسط تولید، افزایش دهد و بر سودآوری بنگاه اثر مثبت بگذارد. رمز موفقیت اقتصاد یک کشور این است که بنگاه‌های تولیدی آن نوآور باشند و کالاهایی تولید نمایند که قدرت رقابت با کالاهای مشابه خارجی را دارا باشند. لذا برای دستیابی به هدف از پژوهش اینکه چه عواملی سرمایه‌گذاری در R&D بنگاه‌ها (BERD) را تعیین می‌کنند؟ برای این منظور دو دسته کشورهای در حال توسعه و توسعه‌یافته طی دوره 1995-2012 انتخاب شده‌اند که به بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کننده BERD آن‌ها بر اساس رویکرد پانل دیتا با بهره‌گیری از روش 2SLS (حداقل مربعات دو مرحله‌ای) پرداخته شده است. در این مطالعه به درونزایی حمایت از حقوق مالکیت فکری (IPR) توجه گردیده است. نتایج برآورد بیانگر اثر مثبت و معنادار حمایت از حقوق مالکیت فکری و شدت R&D دانشگاه‌ها بر شدت BERD است. متغیر دسترسی به وجوه داخلی که با نسبت پس‌انداز داخلی به GDP با یک دوره وقفه اندازه‌گیری شده است نیز، اثر مثبت بر شدت BERD دارد ولی تنها برای کشورهای توسعه‌یافته معنادار است. همچنین متغیر صادرات با فن‌آوری برتر دارای تأثیر مثبت و معنادار برای هر دو گروه کشورهای مورد مطالعه است.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
Determinants of Firms R&D Intensity: Panel Data Approach (2SLS Method)
نویسندگان [English]
- Abolfazl Shahabadi 1
- Arash Hidari 2
1 Associate Professor, Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences, Bu Ali Sina University
2 Hamadan Faculty of Economics and Social Sciences
چکیده [English]
Research and development (R&D) as one of the inputs of innovation can increase firm's productivity through improving product quality or reducing average cost of production, and can have a positive effect on firm's profitability. So, the country's economic success, is that manufacturing firms that are innovative and produce goods that have the power to compete with similar foreign goods. Therefore, the aim of this study is to answer the question of what factors determine the firm's investment in research and development. For this purpose, both developed and developing countries have been selected to investigate determinants of their business enterprise research and development (BERD based on panel data approach using the 2SLS (two-stage least squares) method during the period 1995-2012. In this study, endogeneity of intellectual property rights are considered. Estimation results indicate a positive and significant effect of intellectual property rights, and university R&D intensity on business enterprise research and development (BERD) intensity. Access to internal funds variable has positive effect that is measured with domestic savings to GDP ratio with one period lag, which is significant only in developed countries. Also, the exports of high-tech variable has positive effect and significant for both groups of countries.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- R&D
- Innovation
- Firm
- Developing and Developed Countries
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2. __________________ ؛ «بررسی عوامل تعیین‌کننده اقتصاد دانش‌بنیان: روش‌شناسی «KAM، صنعت و توسعه فن‌آوری، 1390، شماره 1. ##
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